Compare Monaco (2008) - Western Sahara (2007)

Compare Monaco (2008) z Western Sahara (2007)

	Monaco (2008)	Western Sahara (2007)

Administrative divisions	none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo	none (under de facto control of Morocco)
Age structure	0-14 years: 15% (male 2,514/female 2,394) 15-64 years: 62.3% (male 10,047/female 10,312) 65 years and over: 22.7% (male 3,019/female 4,385) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 45.4% (male 88,176/female 85,421) 15-64 years: 52.3% (male 98,345/female 101,895) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 3,705/female 5,075) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	none	fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads); fish
Airports	-	9 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2007)
Area	total: 1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 266,000 sq km land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about the size of Colorado
Background	The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.	Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 UN-brokered cease-fire; a UN-organized referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed.
Birth rate	9.12 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	NA
Budget	revenues: $863 million expenditures: $920.6 million (2005 est.)	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA
Capital	name: Monaco geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	none time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers	hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
Coastline	4.1 km	1,110 km
Constitution	17 December 1962	-
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara
Death rate	12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	NA
Debt - external	$18 billion (2000 est.)	$NA
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco	none
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador to the US and UN Gilles NOGHES chancery: 565 Fifth Avenue, 3rd floor, New York, NY 10017 telephone: (212) 286-0500 FAX: (212) 286-1574	none
Disputes - international	none	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, whose sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, administered by the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals; several states have extended diplomatic relations to the "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" represented by the Polisario Front in exile in Algeria, while others recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara; most of the approximately 102,000 Sahrawi refugees are sheltered in camps in Tindouf, Algeria
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$NA
Economy - overview	Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a major banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.	Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. Incomes in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level. The Moroccan Government controls all trade and other economic activities in Western Sahara. Morocco and the EU signed a four-year agreement in July 2006 allowing European vessels to fish off the coast of Morocco, including the disputed waters off the coast of Western Sahara. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. However, in 2006, the Polisario awarded similar exploration licenses in the disputed territory, which would come into force if Morocco and the Polisario resolve their dispute over Western Sahara.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	79.05 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	-	85 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m	lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m highest point: unnamed location 463 m
Environment - current issues	NA	sparse water and lack of arable land
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%	Arab, Berber
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)	Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 8.7722 (2006), 8.865 (2005), 8.868 (2004), 9.5744 (2003), 11.0206 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005) head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government	none
Exports	$716.3 million note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	-	phosphates 62%
Exports - partners	-	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 0% industry: 4.9% services: 95.1% (2005)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: 40%
GDP - real growth rate	0.9% (2000 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	43 44 N, 7 24 E	24 30 N, 13 00 W
Geography - note	second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban	the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$916.1 million note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	-	fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	-	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)
Independence	1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products	phosphate mining, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.27 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.9% (2000)	NA%
International organization participation	ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO	none
Irrigated land	NA	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)	-
Labor force	44,000 note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)	12,000
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture: 50% industry and services: 50%
Land boundaries	total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km	total: 2,046 km border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)	arable land: 0.02% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.98% (2005)
Languages	French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque	Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
Legal system	based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	-
Legislative branch	unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 3 February 2008 (next to be held February 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - UPM 52.2%, REM 40.5%, Monaco Together 7.3%; seats by party - UPM 21, REM 3	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.82 years male: 75.99 years female: 83.85 years (2007 est.)	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)	NA
Location	Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy	Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco
Map references	Europe	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 12 nm	contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue
Merchant marine	registered in other countries: 64 (Bahamas 11, Barbados 1, Georgia 10, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 8, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 7, Norway 5, Panama 11, St Kitts and Nevis 1, St Vincent and The Grenadines 6, unknown 1) (2007)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003)	-
National holiday	National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)	-
Nationality	noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan	noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s) adjective: Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian
Natural hazards	NA	hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility
Natural resources	none	phosphates, iron ore
Net migration rate	7.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM); Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM; Monaco Together	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	32,671 (July 2007 est.)	382,617 note: estimate is based on projections by age, sex, fertility, mortality, and migration; fertility and mortality are based on data from neighboring countries (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.386% (2007 est.)	NA
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)	AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%	Muslim
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.974 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female total population: 0.912 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed
Telephone system	general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system	general assessment: sparse and limited system domestic: NA international: country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco
Telephones - main lines in use	34,000 (2005)	about 2,000 (1999 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular	17,200 (2005)	0 (1999)
Television broadcast stations	5 (1998)	NA
Terrain	hilly, rugged, rocky	mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
Total fertility rate	1.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)	NA
Unemployment rate	0% (2005)	NA%

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